Childhood Obesity (7) - Physical activity

The World Health Organization recommends that “at least 60 minutes of regular, moderate- to vigorous-intensity each day” (WHO, 2008b). From the current Elementary Curriculum, a stipulation of “a minimum of twenty minutes each day of vigorous physical activity pales far below the World Health Organization’s recommendation. It is not seem enough, nor has it been followed coherently by school’s curricular administrators. The minimum time should be increased to 60 minutes, as recommended by the World Health Organization. In addition, the “each day” stipulation has not been adhered to constantly.
A study showed that children of low-income families face more obstacles than their peers of middle- and upper-income families even if they want to participate in more physical activities such as lack of transportation, cost of equipment and fees for certain sports (Evers et al., 2007). The government should consider providing more funding to schools in low-income communities so that such schools can purchase sports equipment, perhaps used ones, so that children can play sports after school. School boards should also schedule school buses that run later so that children can have a viable means to get home after finishing after-school physical activities.

Reference
WHO (2008b). “What can be done to fight the childhood obesity epidemic?” World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/childhood_what_can_be_done/en/.
Evers, S., et al. (2007). Persistence of Overweight among Young Children Living in Low Income Communities in Ontario. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 26(3):219-224, 2007.

Childhood Obesity (1) - The issue

The World Health Organization estimated that in 2005 there were approximately 1.6 billion adults were overweight, and at least 400 million adults were obese (WHO, 2006). In 2004, figures from Statistics Canada showed that over 11 million Canadians were overweight or obese (StatCan, 2004). Canada is not alone in facing this problem. Similar trends occur worldwide just like an epidemic. The World Health Organization even coined the term “globesity” to refer to this escalating global epidemic of obesity (WHO, 1997).

This “globesity” apparently has spread from adults to children. The World Health Organization sees that childhood obesity is one of the most serious public health challenges of the 21st century. The problem is not just limited to developed, industrialized countries; it is steadily affecting many low- and middle-income countries. It has become a global issue (WHO, 2008a). In a report issued by the Ontario Medical Association (OMA, 2005a), obesity in Canadian children has increased significantly from 1981 to 1996. During this period, overweight boys increased almost two-fold from 15% to about 29%, while overweight girls increased from 15% to about 24%. In addition, obese Canadian children during the same period increased more than two-fold from 5% to more than 11%.

The figures obtained during this period were usually through self-reported numbers. Subjects of research might tend to over-report or under-report certain anthropometrics, thus making the results less objective. A study (Shields, 2006) is based on measured heights and weights of subjects, which makes the results of the survey more reliable. From this study, 26% of children of age 2 to 17 are overweight or obese, and 8% of children are obese.

These figures are alarming, and even more so, it is on a rising trend. One may ask: Who are affected by the issue? Who are the stakeholders?

References
WHO (1997). Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic. World Health Organization.
WHO (2006). “Obesity and overweight”. World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/
WHO (2008a). “Childhood overweight and obesity” World Health Organization, http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/childhood/en/.
OMA (2005a). An Ounce of Prevention or a Ton of Trouble: Is there an epidemic of obesity in children? Ontario Medical Association.
Shields, M. (2006). “Overweight and obesity among children and youth” Health Reports, 17(3):27-42, 2006.
StatCan (2004). Canadian Community Health Survey. Ottawa: Statistics Canada.